Categoría: Previous Issues Articles

Switzerland earned yesterday’s first place Fossil of the Day for being a big bully. Anyone who listens to civil society or climate scientists will know that we have to do much more if we want to keep temperature rise below the internationally agreed threshold of 2°C. Predictable public climate finance that helps developing countries to scale up their climate actions is essential to get the ambition wheel turning. Switzerland, in an intervention on Tuesday, not only opposed any legally binding quantified commitments on finance, but also threatened developing countries that any such demands would jeopardise the outcome here in Lima. Other developed countries, including the EU and the US came close to earning a fossil too as they didn’t exactly paint themselves in glory either. To much disappointment, they also strongly rejected commitments on finance.

Brazil came in second after stating in the Framework for Various Approaches Contact Group that “there is no double counting in the CDM”(!!) As numerous scientists have documented, double-counting of emissions is a serious problem with the Clean Development Mechanism. New, robust accounting rules that stamp out such practices are seriously needed to ensure the integrity of our efforts to combat climate change. This statement undermines climate action and earned Brazil a second place fossil.
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Not only is spaceship Earth badly off the 2020 trajectory needed to stay below 2°C, it is just about to drift further away from the safe pathway. That was the message yesterday from UNEP in the Structured Expert Dialogue: the gigatonne gap looks to just grow as we approach 2025 and 2030. If you consider warnings by the IPCC and others that the 2°C limit may still be too high and risky, then the situation looks even worse.

But fortunately we do have the survival kit still within our reach.

As ECO learned from the IEA, 80% of the 2020 gigatonne gap in the energy sector could be bridged with measures that have no impact on GDP in all regions (!!). Energy efficiency and renewable energy are the most important survival tools in the short and longer term.

UNEP also emphasised the importance of energy efficiency, which in almost all cases is the option where you have many wins and no losses.

So really, Parties? What are you waiting for? To quote the IEA presenter yesterday: it really shouldn’t be that hard.

What’s the course we need to plot? Zero carbon, emissions phase out and decarbonisation were much-used vocabulary yesterday. Having this long-term goal in mind, the World Bank said that this should be the basis for policy.
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ECO apologies for printing an incorrect version of this piece yesterday. Please find the correct piece below.

Peruvian civil society organisations and grassroots movements are seizing the hosting of COP20 by Peru to join efforts in elevating environmental issues on the government’s agenda, particularly as part of the country’s development policies.

Climate change impacts have already reached Peru. People in Peru are already experiencing the negative impacts of climate change such as water scarcity, thus adding to existing environmental and social challenges.

While the Presidency of the COP20 should have been an opportunity for the Peruvian government to show leadership in environmental issues, its recent national policies show that the environment has become less and less of a priority. For example, in July this year the government approved the so-called Ley 30230 (also known as ‘Ley Paquetazo’), which reduces the importance of environmental standards with the aim to attract investment in the extractive industries.

The promotion of extractive industries has already led to cases such as that of Maxima Chaupe, a female farmer. She was sued by Yanacocha – one of the biggest gold mining companies – for living on the land where Yanacocha was planning its Conga extraction project. Maxima and her family were not only ordered to leave the land, they were also asked to pay Yanacocha a compensation fine of about US$2,000.
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Today is Young and Future Generations day. YOUNGO thought we’d provide you with some simple instructions on the fight of our lifetime. You are never too old to learn and never too tired/disgruntled/bored to fight for the future.

1) We are the citizens of your countries, and we demand that you make our nationally determined contributions ambitious. We can stand to bear the responsibility of your past mistakes, but your decisions about the future need to be just and fair: these decisions affect our homes, our communities, and our lives.

2) Our life’s work will be to phase out carbon emissions to zero. Your job is simple: make the commitment to a clean and just phase out of fossil fuels, and a phase in of 100% renewables starting now and to be achieved no later than 2050.

3) Don’t discount our future and that of future generations. You consistently tell us you can’t afford it, but we know you have your sums all wrong: you are not counting on us having a future at all. Invest today, which for industrial countries includes paying your climate debts. And get the message to your finance ministries.

4) We all know that 80% of theknown reserves of oil, coal and gas have to stay in the ground.
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The Structured Expert Dialogue (SED) of the 2013-2015 Review gained important Presidential attention yesterday. At the beginning of the meeting, COP President Vidal stated that the SED is the most important space to reconcile science and policy. He continued in mentioning the mandate of the 2013-2015 review – which is to consider the adequacy of the long-term goal and progress towards achieving it – meaning that clear answers must result from the review for the Paris decisions.

On the first task to consider, the adequacy of the 2°C limit, yesterday’s meeting gave clear answers from science. If temperature increases are limited to below 1.5°C, there are more chances for adaptation.

One example is the coral reefs provide crucial sources of protein in many peoples’ diets. Coping with warming of 1.5°C is already a severe challenge for corals, but they will struggle to survive with 2°C warming. Also, ‘below 1.5°C’ could mean a chance to protect the summer Arctic sea ice.

It’s not only ecosystems or sea ice in danger with 2°C warming, but people are also vulnerable. Cultures of Arctic communities and those on low-lying lands are endangered: for them the risk is high with 2°C.

It was good to hear yesterday that the US is interested in better understanding the differential risk of a world that is 1.5°C warmer and one that is 2°C warmer.
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Yesterday the ADP contact group finally got down and dirty on the potential finance content in the Paris deal when negotiators discussed the finance section of the co-chairs non-paper. There is no point in denying that ECO was shamelessly excited to finally start the discussions on what must be an integral part of the 2015 agreement. Whilst probably not surprising to anyone that has been following the UNFCCC for more than a few minutes, it was a bit of a let down to have the first half of the session wither away in a flurry of process confusion.

When the dust had settled sufficiently for substantial talks to begin, ECO’s enthusiasm was curbed further. The US led the charge by requesting all references to the adequacy, predictability and additionality of finance removed. ECO almost suspects the American negotiator was deliberately speed-talking to hide the desperately dismal nature of the suggestions.

With onset depression, ECO, listened to the Swiss delegate start off on a constructive note by pointing to the paragraphs they would like to see in the actual agreement, the ones that could be addressed in other decisions and the parts they didn’t agree with. However, without warning they suddenly launched a frontal attack against the idea of an ex-ante process leading to quantified finance commitments.
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Germany has a problem. Europe’s biggest economy currently risks missing its national 2020 mitigation target of a 40% reduction from 1990 levels. Despite the boom of renewable energies, Germany’s emissions have been on the rise again for the last two years. If you think this is due to the country’s nuclear phase-out, then think again. In reality, with 27% of German electricity production originating from renewables today,this clean technology represents a higher share than nuclear power used to have. The real reason for Germany’s rising emissions is the continuously low price for emission certificates in Europe’s creeping Emission Trading Scheme. With no credible CO2 price signal, the burning of coal remains highly profitable for energy suppliers in Europe. In Germany, this is causing not only higher emissions but also a huge surplus of electricity.

To address this, Germany’s Environment Minister Barbara Hendricks, when traveling to Lima next week, will have some news in her baggage. Today, the government presents an “Action Plan”on how to fill the emission gap and reach Germany’s 2020 climate target. In this plan, following public debate, Germany is announcing an additional reduction of 22 million tonnes of CO2 from the electricity sector.Although ECO finds that the formulation is vague and the reduction too low, the facts behind the Action Plan are clear: For the first time ever, Europe’s biggest economy intends to remove a part of its coal power capacity from the grid.
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It’s a fool’s game to think that polluters might get away with not paying for the loss and damage they have contributed to. For Typhoon Haiyan 6,300 people of Tacloban paid with their lives only a year ago, and 4 million of their friends and relatives paid with their houses. 13 million people in Kenya paid with hunger in the drought ending in 2011. And the people of the Pacific, and other low-lying regions, are paying with their land and homes. Someone has to pay for the loss and damage — the inevitable result of low mitigation ambition and inadequate levels of adaptation support provided by rich countries. At the moment it is the poor who are paying.

Clearly this is not tolerable, and Parties recognised this in Warsaw by incorporating the need for support within the functions of the Warsaw Loss and Damage Mechanism.

However, the current interim Executive Committee (ExCom) has been incapable of dealing with this obvious need in an adequate manner. As a result, finance, technology and capacity building are clearly lacking in the draft work plan – something that Parties must address. In short this means that Parties will have to decide whether a newly constituted ExCom will have the courage to deal with this gap.
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Peruvian civil society organisations and grassroots movements are seizing the hosting of COP20 by Peru to join efforts in elevating environmental issues on the government’s agenda, particularly as part of the country’s development policies.

Climate change impacts have already reached Peru. People in Peru are already experiencing the negative impacts of climate change such as water scarcity, thus adding to existing environmental and social challenges.

While the Presidency of the COP20 should have been an opportunity for the Peruvian government to show leadership in environmental issues, its recent national policies show that the environment has become less and less of a priority. For example, in July this year the government approved the so-called Ley 30230 (also known as ‘Ley Paquetazo’), which reduces the importance of environmental standards with the aim to attract investment in the extractive industries.

The promotion of extractive industries has already led to cases such as that of Maxima Chaupe, a female farmer. She was sued by Yanacocha – one of the biggest gold mining companies – for living on the land where Yanacocha was planning its Conga extraction project. Maxima and her family were not only ordered to leave the land, they were also asked to pay Yanacocha a compensation fine of about US$2,000.
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If you have read yesterday’s ECO (or the IPCC’s newest report), you know why we need ADP Workstream 2 (WS2). We need to close the ambition gap ASAP to avoid the worst impacts of climate change. To stay below 1.5°C, we need to phase out all fossil fuels and phase in 100% renewable energies, with energy access for all by 2050 at the latest. To achieve this transition, we have to avoid any further lock-in into unsustainable high-carbon infrastructure.

That’s why ECO was pleased that the draft decision text on WS2 calls for its continuation until 2020 and for enhancing the technical expert meetings (TEMs). The TEMs have highlighted many opportunities for additional action and their multiple benefits – particularly for deploying renewable energy and energy efficiency measures. But, how do you move from identifying options to implementing effective action on the ground in terms of reducing GHG emissions?

ECO has a few suggestions:

1. Establish a process building on the TEMs for Parties to announce which of the identified policy options they plan to implement either on their own or in partnership. This should be the objective of a regular high-level ministerial engagement – and the decision needs to say so.
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