Category: Previous Issues Articles

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ECO welcomes today’s SBSTA special event on the IPCC Special Report on 1.5°C as one of the key opportunities to introduce the results to UNFCCC. But ECO thinks this can only be the start.

ECO is disappointed that the Polish Presidency did not respect the usual procedure for the opening ceremony to invite the IPCC Chair to give a presentation on the latest science on climate change, specifically the IPCC SR 1.5.

The IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C is the most important contribution to the Talanoa Dialogue — it is a game- changer that clearly lays out “where we are”, “where we need to go” and “how we can get there”.

ECO hopes the SBSTA Chair agrees and prepares a comprehensive summary from this event, including its key messages, which inform the Talanoa Dialogue and the Convention.

Ludwig never thought he’d look back fondly on the times of the Warsaw Polish Presidency, with visions of abundant WiFi and plenty of seats, tables and plug sockets in the donut- shaped COP19 venue. These dreams were shattered. Instead of finding ready spaces for civil society (and anyone else who does not have megabucks or the lobbying power required to obtain a delegation for spaces to rest his for any available office), Ludwig now finds himself on an epic quests for water, weary feet (and check his weary inbox), for meeting space, power source he can possibly scavenge, and above all an epic quest to find the vanishing spaces! The venue site doesn’t seem to be lacking in space; Ludwig has to walk 8 km a day to get from zone A to zone G. Ludwig is in awe of a venue that manages to both have too few meeting rooms and too much space between them.

Now, Ludwig wants to give the Polish Presidency the benefit of the doubt. Maybe they just got a bit too keen on the concept of gamification. Maybe they just want to inject some energy and fun into our COP experience. Or, maybe they got the wrong impression of what we meant when we pushed for capacity building for resilience… But Ludwig noticed that there is so much less space at this COP.
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Even in the acronym-rich environment of the UNFCCC, the mention of LULUCF, which stands for Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry, freaks people out. It might seem complex, but here’s what you need to know:

Q: How could LULUCF rules undermine ambition?
A: Carbon accounting under the Kyoto Protocol fails to capture the real emissions to atmosphere from land and forests.

Q: Do land and forests get special treatment compared to other sectors?
A: Unfortunately they do. Current LULUCF rules allow countries to predict future emissions and get credits if they emit less than expected. If countries emitted exactly as what was predicted, they don’t have to account for those emissions. Imagine if this was the coal sector, it would be like a country saying “We predicted we would build 8 coal fired power stations but we’ve only built 5 so we’re in positive territory.”These false positives can also be used to hide a lack of progress in other sectors.

Q: LULUCF sounds a bit technical!
A: The headlines are simple. Forest and land emissions accounting doesn’t fully reflect emissions that are released into the atmosphere. This should be fixed!

Q: But won’t we fix these old problems with the new guidance developed under the Paris Agreement?
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ECO congratulates all Parties who participated in the multilateral assessment and facilitative sharing of views workshops yesterday. ECO offers special congratulations to China and Jordan for participating in the process for the first time! ECO hopes that these experiences help with the transition to the review process, to be established under the Paris Agreement.

Since ECO wasn’t able to ask questions during the workshops today, we wanted to share a couple of the questions we would have asked:

For Canada, ECO has two questions: The first relates to the need for strong domestic accountability measures in addition to the multilateral assessment. Given Canada’s track record on missing targets, such accountability measures are crucial. Will Canada establish a domestic climate change committee with the mandate to track the government’s progress towards its target, and provide a mechanism for judicial review of its climate legislation? The federal carbon pricing that will apply across the country beginning in 2019 is a long-overdue start, but an incomplete one. ECO’s second question is: when can we expect a serious plan to tackle the oil and gas sector? ECO does not need to ask about mechanisms for increasing ambition, as that question was thankfully covered by Switzerland.
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Plaster of Paris’ widespread use for molds, casts, and ornamental work is derived, in part, from the fact that it does not crack. According to the Internet (which is never wrong), this construction material derives its name from the fact that its source material, a fine white powder, has historically been found in abundance right outside of Paris. ECO thought bringing a fine white powder across the border into Katowice seemed unadvisable, so ECO has come up with another set of ingredients: ones that will create a robust rulebook that does not crack and ensures the highest ambition.

The key ingredients for this Rulebook include:

• Detailed guidance on how a Party can demonstrate that its NDC:
  • Is 1.5°C compatible; fits into a Party’s long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategy, contributes to a phase-out of fossil fuels and the transition to 100% renewable energy, and represents its highest possible mitigation effort;
  • is fair and equitable and incorporates rights-related considerations, including a gender perspective; and
  • represents leadership in the case of developed countries and
  • a progression towards economy-wide mitigation measures on the part of developing countries.
• A five-year common time frame for NDC implementation.
• Biennial transparency reporting that begins in 2022, in time for the first global stocktake, and has a common GHG inventory time series endpoint of year minus 2.

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The renewed, upward march of global carbon emissions is worrying and a big step backwards in the fight against climate change. Here at the COP, ECO is all too aware that the more we exceed 1°C of warming above pre-industrial levels the greater the impacts on poor people and ecosystems. It’s not that long ago that the IPCC 1.5 report warned us of the consequences of exceeding the limits of adaptation.

In the last twelve months we have seen this warning manifest around the world – from deadly bushfires, to extreme floods and devastating hurricane seasons – it’s clear that loss and damage from climate change is the new reality for developed and developing countries alike. It’s also clear that vulnerable developing countries do not have the capacity to deal with these impacts, while having had no role in causing them. ECO is concerned that the negotiators in Katowice COP are forgetting about this crisis.

The GST aims to assess whether the long-term goals of the Paris Agreement are being met. According to Article 14. Para 1, the GST must take into consideration “the latest science”. The latest science, in the form of the conclusions from the IPCC, warns of the devastating losses and damages the world will experience at +1.5°C warming.
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The IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C is a game-changer. Scientists have found that 2°C of warming is much more dangerous than they thought it was a few years ago as it brings us closer to a number of critical tipping points. 1.5°C of warming is far from safe, but the half degree significantly reduces the risks many will face. The speed and scale of the transformation necessary to achieve 1.5°C cannot be overstated: the world needs to halve CO2 emissions in little more than a decade and achieve net- zero emissions by mid-century. The report does offer hope: a 1.5°C emissions pathway is not only feasible, it will make eradicating poverty easier and development more sustainable overall.

The SR1.5 has changed the game in Katowice. This meeting cannot be, if it ever was, just about getting a solid rulebook for the Paris Agreement. Make no mistake: ECO thinks the rulebook is very important. But to focus on it alone would be like fixing a leaking tap in your bathroom, while the basement is flooding.

The Talanoa Dialogue was tasked with taking stock of the collective effort in progress towards the long-term goal and informing new or updated NDCs.
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The fact that the Climate Summit is being held in Katowice, the capital of the Silesia region – literally one of the last remaining coal mining regions in Europe, provides not only a symbolic setting for this meeting, but also raises a question at the heart of these negotiations: how can we phase out fossil fuels in time to limit warming to 1.5°C without affecting the people and communities whose jobs depend on them? A just transition – if managed correctly – can give us a pathway to a 100% renewable system while creating better jobs, a fairer future for all and a more equal society.

Today, the Polish government is launching a “Solidarity and Just Transition Silesia Declaration”.

It is hard not to read this declaration as a crowd pleaser without any intention to follow through with actions. Over the years, Polish governments have been systematically taking decisions that contradict their self-declared commitment to a greener energy future. Examples abound. In the Polish draft energy policy published just ahead of COP24, coal still counts for 60% of the national energy mix in 2030. Moreover, the government recently announced the construction of a new coal power plant in Ostrołęka by the state-owned energy company ENEA, despite the protest of ENEA’s labour union which demanded skipping investing in coal and going for renewables instead.
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Dear delegates, Silesia remains one of the final refuges for an industry that needs to be consigned to the history books. The needed phase out from coal and transition to a 100% renewable energy future only serves to highlight the importance of environmentally and socially sound technology in ensuring that we effectively address climate change and limit warming to 1.5oC.

The Technology Mechanism is about more than just the limited technical assistance we see today. The new Technology Framework under the Paris Agreement must include support and finance for local technology innovation and not just support for new and emerging technologies from developed countries. Innovation and local design needs to be nurtured, and some failure needs to be accepted, if the right technologies are to be developed that deliver on 1.5oC and enable effective adaptation. Support must be based on need, however putting support into Technology Needs Assessments alone is inadequate and piecemeal, and will not deliver the technology that is urgently needed by the vast majority of developing countries.

Finally, the process must involve the private sector, but it mustn’t be designed only to meet their market needs. Everyone knows that the introduction of new technologies is initially expensive, and can require incremental adjustments to meet specific needs.
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